There are several caveats for the reader to keep in mind: pornographic material that is uploaded, accessed, shared and downloaded via online platforms.mainstream, dominant forms of pornography and.textual, visual and audio-visual sexually explicit material that is generally intended to sexually arouse the audience.In this report, the terms "pornography" and "online pornography" are predominantly used to encompass: Arguably, it is this form of pornography that is animating contemporary discussions about the harms associated with exposure to and consumption of online pornography. 148).Īt the same time, there is a dominant style and form of pornography that is easily accessible via the Internet, largely targets a male heterosexual audience and which makes up the majority of the global pornography industry (Crabbe, 2016). Some researchers have used the term sexually explicit material (SEM) and sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) to refer to "online videos that depict sexual activities and genitals in unconcealed ways and are typically intended to arouse the viewer" (Hare, Gahagan, Jackson, & Steenbeek, 2014, p. This variation is important to keep in mind when discussing the harms associated with online pornography, and it may make more sense to speak of "pornographies" to acknowledge this diversity. There is diversity in the form pornography takes (e.g., text, images, anime, video), its content (e.g., the sexualities and practices represented) and its production context. This can be a useful shorthand however, it is important to note that there is not a singular type of pornography. The term "pornography" is typically used across the academic and public policy literature as well as in popular and news media to describe sexually explicit material that is generally intended to sexually arouse the audience (Flood, 2016). identify promising approaches to addressing this issue with children and young people, including key learnings.
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identify factors that might help explain or mediate the relationship between exposure to pornography and other "sexualising" materials and the impact on children and young people (i.e., risk and protective factors) and.draw conclusions about the key effects of pornography on children and young people and how this relationship between pornography and associated impacts is best understood.
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However, the implications of the research are not fully transferable. To varying degrees, the international contexts listed here share some similarities with Australia, such as political and legislative systems. Research undertaken in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the USA, Ireland, Scandinavia and Canada was prioritised.
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Approachīetween August and October 2016, the research team reviewed the available research regarding: Rather, the purpose was to synthesise recent research and current approaches/interventions across this range of domains to inform future initiatives to reduce the negative impacts of pornography on children and young people. The purpose of this project was not to duplicate the considerable work undertaken by other researchers working on these issues (e.g., Flood, 2009 Flood & Hamilton, 2003a, 2003b Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008 Wolak, Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2007 Ybarra & Mitchell, 2005). risk of experiencing or perpetrating sexual violence.behaviours and practices within their own intimate, sexual or romantic relationships and.attitudes and behaviours regarding gender equality.The increasing availability of pornography online has raised concerns about the impacts it may have on children and young people's: In 2016, the Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS) was engaged by the Department of Social Services to review what the available research evidence tells us about the impact exposure to and consumption of online pornography has on children and young people. Pornography and its impacts need to be situated within a broader framework of primary prevention and supporting the sexual safety and wellbeing of children and young people.Pornography may strengthen attitudes supportive of sexual violence and violence against women.
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